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HM2-Serie-Python/Kuengjoe_S05/Kuengjoe_S05_Aufg2.py
2026-03-25 14:01:08 +01:00

120 lines
5.3 KiB
Python

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def _compute_natural_cubic_spline_coefficients(interpolation_nodes_x, interpolation_values_y):
interpolation_nodes_x = np.asarray(interpolation_nodes_x, dtype=float).reshape(-1)
interpolation_values_y = np.asarray(interpolation_values_y, dtype=float).reshape(-1)
if interpolation_nodes_x.size != interpolation_values_y.size:
raise ValueError("x e y must be same length.")
if interpolation_nodes_x.size < 2:
raise ValueError("at least 2 nodes are required.")
if np.any(np.diff(interpolation_nodes_x) <= 0):
raise ValueError("x values must be strictly increasing.")
interval_widths = np.diff(interpolation_nodes_x)
number_of_intervals = interpolation_nodes_x.size - 1
system_matrix = np.zeros((number_of_intervals + 1, number_of_intervals + 1), dtype=float)
right_hand_side = np.zeros(number_of_intervals + 1, dtype=float)
system_matrix[0, 0] = 1.0
system_matrix[-1, -1] = 1.0
for internal_node_index in range(1, number_of_intervals):
left_interval_width = interval_widths[internal_node_index - 1]
right_interval_width = interval_widths[internal_node_index]
system_matrix[internal_node_index, internal_node_index - 1] = left_interval_width
system_matrix[internal_node_index, internal_node_index] = 2.0 * (left_interval_width + right_interval_width)
system_matrix[internal_node_index, internal_node_index + 1] = right_interval_width
right_hand_side[internal_node_index] = 6.0 * (
(interpolation_values_y[internal_node_index + 1] - interpolation_values_y[internal_node_index]) / right_interval_width
- (interpolation_values_y[internal_node_index] - interpolation_values_y[internal_node_index - 1]) / left_interval_width
)
second_derivative_values = np.linalg.solve(system_matrix, right_hand_side)
coefficient_a_values = interpolation_values_y[:-1].copy()
coefficient_b_values = np.zeros(number_of_intervals, dtype=float)
coefficient_c_values = second_derivative_values[:-1] / 2.0
coefficient_d_values = np.zeros(number_of_intervals, dtype=float)
for interval_index in range(number_of_intervals):
current_interval_width = interval_widths[interval_index]
coefficient_b_values[interval_index] = (
(interpolation_values_y[interval_index + 1] - interpolation_values_y[interval_index]) / current_interval_width
- (current_interval_width / 6.0) * (
2.0 * second_derivative_values[interval_index] + second_derivative_values[interval_index + 1]
)
)
coefficient_d_values[interval_index] = (
(second_derivative_values[interval_index + 1] - second_derivative_values[interval_index])
/ (6.0 * current_interval_width)
)
return coefficient_a_values, coefficient_b_values, coefficient_c_values, coefficient_d_values
def Kuengjoe_S05_Aufg2(x, y, xx, plot_result=True):
interpolation_nodes_x = np.asarray(x, dtype=float).reshape(-1)
interpolation_values_y = np.asarray(y, dtype=float).reshape(-1)
evaluation_points_xx = np.asarray(xx, dtype=float).reshape(-1)
if np.any(evaluation_points_xx < interpolation_nodes_x[0]) or np.any(evaluation_points_xx > interpolation_nodes_x[-1]):
raise ValueError("Tutti i valori di xx devono stare nell'intervallo [x0, xn].")
(
coefficient_a_values,
coefficient_b_values,
coefficient_c_values,
coefficient_d_values,
) = _compute_natural_cubic_spline_coefficients(interpolation_nodes_x, interpolation_values_y)
number_of_intervals = interpolation_nodes_x.size - 1
interval_indices_for_evaluation = np.searchsorted(interpolation_nodes_x, evaluation_points_xx, side="right") - 1
interval_indices_for_evaluation = np.clip(interval_indices_for_evaluation, 0, number_of_intervals - 1)
yy = np.zeros_like(evaluation_points_xx, dtype=float)
for evaluation_point_index, interval_index in enumerate(interval_indices_for_evaluation):
local_x_distance = evaluation_points_xx[evaluation_point_index] - interpolation_nodes_x[interval_index]
yy[evaluation_point_index] = (
coefficient_a_values[interval_index]
+ coefficient_b_values[interval_index] * local_x_distance
+ coefficient_c_values[interval_index] * local_x_distance ** 2
+ coefficient_d_values[interval_index] * local_x_distance ** 3
)
if plot_result:
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))
plt.plot(evaluation_points_xx, yy, label="Natürliche kubische Spline")
plt.plot(interpolation_nodes_x, interpolation_values_y, "o", label="Stützpunkte")
plt.xlabel("x")
plt.ylabel("S(x)")
plt.title("Natürliche kubische Spline")
plt.grid(True)
plt.legend()
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
return yy
if __name__ == "__main__":
x_test_values = np.array([4, 6, 8, 10], dtype=float)
y_test_values = np.array([6, 3, 9, 0], dtype=float)
xx_test_values = np.linspace(4, 10, 400)
yy_test_values = Kuengjoe_S05_Aufg2(x_test_values, y_test_values, xx_test_values, plot_result=True)
print("value of yy_test_values:")
print(Kuengjoe_S05_Aufg2(x_test_values, y_test_values, x_test_values, plot_result=False))